Folger Shakespeare Library

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Contents

Front Matter | From the Director of the Folger Shakespeare Library Textual Introduction
Lucrece | Dedication Argument Lucrece

From the Director of the Folger Shakespeare Library

It is hard to imagine a world without Shakespeare. Since their composition more than four hundred years ago, Shakespeare’s plays and poems have traveled the globe, inviting those who see and read his works to make them their own.

Readers of the New Folger Editions are part of this ongoing process of “taking up Shakespeare,” finding our own thoughts and feelings in language that strikes us as old or unusual and, for that very reason, new. We still struggle to keep up with a writer who could think a mile a minute, whose words paint pictures that shift like clouds. These expertly edited texts are presented to the public as a resource for study, artistic adaptation, and enjoyment. By making the classic texts of the New Folger Editions available in electronic form as Folger Digital Texts, we place a trusted resource in the hands of anyone who wants them.

The New Folger Editions of Shakespeare’s plays, which are the basis for the texts realized here in digital form, are special because of their origin. The Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, DC, is the single greatest documentary source of Shakespeare’s works. An unparalleled collection of early modern books, manuscripts, and artwork connected to Shakespeare, the Folger’s holdings have been consulted extensively in the preparation of these texts. The Editions also reflect the expertise gained through the regular performance of Shakespeare’s works in the Folger’s Elizabethan Theater.

I want to express my deep thanks to editors Barbara Mowat and Paul Werstine for creating these indispensable editions of Shakespeare’s works, which incorporate the best of textual scholarship with a richness of commentary that is both inspired and engaging. Readers who want to know more about Shakespeare and his plays can follow the paths these distinguished scholars have tread by visiting the Folger either in-person or online, where a range of physical and digital resources exists to supplement the material in these texts. I commend to you these words, and hope that they inspire.

Michael Witmore
Director, Folger Shakespeare Library

Textual Introduction
By Barbara Mowat and Paul Werstine

Until now, with the release of the Folger Digital Texts, readers in search of a free online text of Shakespeare’s plays and poems had to be content primarily with using the Moby™ Text, which reproduces a late-nineteenth century version of the plays and poems. What is the difference? Many ordinary readers assume that there is a single text of all these works: what Shakespeare wrote. But Shakespeare’s plays were not published the way modern novels or plays are published today: as a single, authoritative text. In some cases, the plays have come down to us in multiple published versions, represented by various Quartos (Qq) and by the great collection put together by his colleagues in 1623, called the First Folio (F). There are, for example, three very different versions of Hamlet, two of King Lear, Henry V, Romeo and Juliet, and others. Editors choose which version to use as their base text, and then amend that text with words, lines or speech prefixes from the other versions that, in their judgment, make for a better or more accurate text.

Other editorial decisions involve choices about whether an unfamiliar word could be understood in light of other writings of the period or whether it should be changed; decisions about words that made it into Shakespeare’s text by accident through four hundred years of printings and misprinting; and even decisions based on cultural preference and taste. When the Moby™ Text was created, for example, it was deemed “improper” and “indecent” for Miranda to chastise Caliban for having attempted to rape her. (See The Tempest, 1.2: “Abhorred slave,/Which any print of goodness wilt not take,/Being capable of all ill! I pitied thee…”). All Shakespeare editors at the time took the speech away from her and gave it to her father, Prospero.

The editors of the Moby™ Shakespeare produced their text long before scholars fully understood the proper grounds on which to make the thousands of decisions that Shakespeare editors face. The Folger Library Shakespeare Editions, on which the Folger Digital Texts depend, make this editorial process as nearly transparent as is possible, in contrast to older texts, like the Moby™, which hide editorial interventions. The reader of the Folger Shakespeare knows where the text has been altered because editorial interventions are signaled by square brackets (for example, from Othello: “If she in chains of magic were not bound,”), half-square brackets (for example, from Henry V: “With blood and sword and fire to win your right,”), or angle brackets (for example, from Hamlet: “O farewell, honest soldier. Who hath relieved/you?”). At any point in the text, you can hover your cursor over a bracket for more information.

Because the Folger Digital Texts are edited in accord with twenty-first century knowledge about Shakespeare’s texts, the Folger here provides them to readers, scholars, teachers, actors, directors, and students, free of charge, confident of their quality as texts of the plays and pleased to be able to make this contribution to the study and enjoyment of Shakespeare.

TO THE RIGHT
HONORABLE, HENRY
Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton,
and Baron of Titchfield.
The love I dedicate to your Lordship is without end; whereof this
pamphlet without beginning is but a superfluous moiety. The warrant
I have of your honorable disposition, not the worth of my untutored
lines, makes it assured of acceptance. What I have done is
yours; what I have to do is yours; being part in all I have, devoted
yours. Were my worth greater, my duty would show greater; meantime,
as it is, it is bound to your Lordship, to whom I wish long life
still lengthened with all happiness.

Your Lordship’s in all duty,
William Shakespeare

THE ARGUMENT
Lucius Tarquinius, for his excessive pride surnamed Superbus,
after he had caused his own father-in-law Servius Tullius to be cruelly
murdered and, contrary to the Roman laws and customs, not
requiring or staying for the people’s suffrages, had possessed himself
of the kingdom, went accompanied with his sons and other noblemen
of Rome to besiege Ardea; during which siege, the principal
men of the army meeting one evening at the tent of Sextus Tarquinius,
the King’s son, in their discourses after supper every one
commended the virtues of his own wife; among whom Collatinus
extolled the incomparable chastity of his wife Lucretia. In that
pleasant humor they all posted to Rome, and intending by their secret
and sudden arrival to make trial of that which every one had
before avouched, only Collatinus finds his wife, though it were late
in the night, spinning amongst her maids; the other ladies were all
found dancing and reveling or in several disports; whereupon the
noblemen yielded Collatinus the victory and his wife the fame. At
that time Sextus Tarquinius, being inflamed with Lucrece’ beauty,
yet smothering his passions for the present, departed with the rest
back to the camp; from whence he shortly after privily withdrew
himself and was, according to his estate, royally entertained and
lodged by Lucrece at Collatium. The same night he treacherously
stealeth into her chamber, violently ravished her, and early in the
morning speedeth away. Lucrece, in this lamentable plight, hastily
dispatcheth messengers, one to Rome for her father, another to the
camp for Collatine. They came—the one accompanied with Junius
Brutus, the other with Publius Valerius—and, finding Lucrece attired
in mourning habit, demanded the cause of her sorrow. She,
first taking an oath of them for her revenge, revealed the actor and
whole manner of his dealing, and withal suddenly stabbed herself.
Which done, with one consent they all vowed to root out the whole
hated family of the Tarquins; and, bearing the dead body to Rome,
Brutus acquainted the people with the doer and manner of the vile
deed, with a bitter invective against the tyranny of the King, wherewith
the people were so moved that with one consent and a general
acclamation the Tarquins were all exiled and the state government
changed from kings to consuls.

Lucrece
From the besiegèd Ardea all in post,
Borne by the trustless wings of false desire,
Lust-breathèd Tarquin leaves the Roman host
And to Collatium bears the lightless fire
5Which, in pale embers hid, lurks to aspire
And girdle with embracing flames the waist
Of Collatine’s fair love, Lucrece the chaste.
Haply that name of “chaste” unhapp’ly set
This bateless edge on his keen appetite
10When Collatine unwisely did not let
To praise the clear unmatchèd red and white
Which triumphed in that sky of his delight,
Where mortal stars, as bright as heaven’s beauties,
With pure aspects did him peculiar duties.
15For he the night before, in Tarquin’s tent,
Unlocked the treasure of his happy state,
What priceless wealth the heavens had him lent
In the possession of his beauteous mate,
Reck’ning his fortune at such high proud rate
20 That kings might be espousèd to more fame,
But king nor peer to such a peerless dame.
O, happiness enjoyed but of a few,
And, if possessed, as soon decayed and done
As is the morning’s silver melting dew
25Against the golden splendor of the sun!
An expired date, canceled ere well begun.
Honor and beauty in the owner’s arms
Are weakly fortressed from a world of harms.
Beauty itself doth of itself persuade
30The eyes of men without an orator;
What needeth then apology be made
To set forth that which is so singular?
Or why is Collatine the publisher
Of that rich jewel he should keep unknown
35 From thievish ears because it is his own?
Perchance his boast of Lucrece’ sov’reignty
Suggested this proud issue of a king,
For by our ears our hearts oft tainted be.
Perchance that envy of so rich a thing,
40Braving compare, disdainfully did sting
His high-pitched thoughts, that meaner men should vaunt
That golden hap which their superiors want.
But some untimely thought did instigate
His all too timeless speed, if none of those.
45His honor, his affairs, his friends, his state
Neglected all, with swift intent he goes
To quench the coal which in his liver glows.
O, rash false heat, wrapped in repentant cold,
Thy hasty spring still blasts and ne’er grows old!
50When at Collatium this false lord arrived,
Well was he welcomed by the Roman dame,
Within whose face Beauty and Virtue strived
Which of them both should underprop her fame.
When Virtue bragged, Beauty would blush for shame;
55 When Beauty boasted blushes, in despite
Virtue would stain that o’er with silver white.
But Beauty, in that white entitulèd
From Venus’ doves, doth challenge that fair field.
Then Virtue claims from Beauty Beauty’s red,
60Which Virtue gave the golden age to gild
Their silver cheeks, and called it then their shield,
Teaching them thus to use it in the fight:
When shame assailed, the red should fence the white.
This heraldry in Lucrece’ face was seen,
65Argued by Beauty’s red and Virtue’s white.
Of either’s color was the other queen,
Proving from world’s minority their right.
Yet their ambition makes them still to fight,
The sovereignty of either being so great
70 That oft they interchange each other’s seat.
This silent war of lilies and of roses,
Which Tarquin viewed in her fair face’s field,
In their pure ranks his traitor eye encloses,
Where, lest between them both it should be killed,
75The coward captive vanquishèd doth yield
To those two armies that would let him go
Rather than triumph in so false a foe.
Now thinks he that her husband’s shallow tongue,
The niggard prodigal that praised her so,
80In that high task hath done her beauty wrong,
Which far exceeds his barren skill to show.
Therefore that praise which Collatine doth owe
Enchanted Tarquin answers with surmise,
In silent wonder of still-gazing eyes.
85This earthly saint, adorèd by this devil,
Little suspecteth the false worshiper,
For unstained thoughts do seldom dream on evil;
Birds never limed no secret bushes fear.
So, guiltless, she securely gives good cheer
90 And reverend welcome to her princely guest,
Whose inward ill no outward harm expressed.
For that he colored with his high estate,
Hiding base sin in pleats of majesty,
That nothing in him seemed inordinate,
95Save sometimes too much wonder of his eye,
Which, having all, all could not satisfy,
But, poorly rich, so wanteth in his store
That, cloyed with much, he pineth still for more.
But she, that never coped with stranger eyes,
100Could pick no meaning from their parling looks
Nor read the subtle shining secrecies
Writ in the glassy margents of such books.
She touched no unknown baits nor feared no hooks,
Nor could she moralize his wanton sight
105 More than his eyes were opened to the light.
He stories to her ears her husband’s fame,
Won in the fields of fruitful Italy,
And decks with praises Collatine’s high name,
Made glorious by his manly chivalry
110With bruisèd arms and wreaths of victory.
Her joy with heaved-up hand she doth express
And, wordless, so greets heaven for his success.
Far from the purpose of his coming thither
He makes excuses for his being there.
115No cloudy show of stormy blust’ring weather
Doth yet in his fair welkin once appear,
Till sable Night, mother of dread and fear,
Upon the world dim darkness doth display
And in her vaulty prison stows the day.
120For then is Tarquin brought unto his bed,
Intending weariness with heavy sprite,
For after supper long he questionèd
With modest Lucrece and wore out the night.
Now leaden slumber with life’s strength doth fight,
125 And everyone to rest himself betakes,
Save thieves and cares and troubled minds that wakes;
As one of which doth Tarquin lie revolving
The sundry dangers of his will’s obtaining,
Yet ever to obtain his will resolving,
130Though weak-built hopes persuade him to abstaining.
Despair to gain doth traffic oft for gaining,
And when great treasure is the meed proposed,
Though death be adjunct, there’s no death supposed.
Those that much covet are with gain so fond
135That what they have not, that which they possess
They scatter and unloose it from their bond,
And so, by hoping more, they have but less,
Or, gaining more, the profit of excess
Is but to surfeit, and such griefs sustain
140 That they prove bankrout in this poor-rich gain.
The aim of all is but to nurse the life
With honor, wealth, and ease in waning age;
And in this aim there is such thwarting strife
That one for all or all for one we gage:
145As life for honor in fell battle’s rage,
Honor for wealth; and oft that wealth doth cost
The death of all, and all together lost.
So that, in vent’ring ill, we leave to be
The things we are for that which we expect;
150And this ambitious foul infirmity,
In having much, torments us with defect
Of that we have. So then we do neglect
The thing we have and, all for want of wit,
Make something nothing by augmenting it.
155Such hazard now must doting Tarquin make,
Pawning his honor to obtain his lust,
And for himself himself he must forsake.
Then where is truth if there be no self-trust?
When shall he think to find a stranger just
160 When he himself himself confounds, betrays
To sland’rous tongues and wretched hateful days?
Now stole upon the time the dead of night,
When heavy sleep had closed up mortal eyes.
No comfortable star did lend his light;
165No noise but owls’ and wolves’ death-boding cries
Now serves the season that they may surprise
The silly lambs. Pure thoughts are dead and still,
While Lust and Murder wakes to stain and kill.
And now this lustful lord leapt from his bed,
170Throwing his mantle rudely o’er his arm;
Is madly tossed between desire and dread;
Th’ one sweetly flatters, th’ other feareth harm,
But honest fear, bewitched with lust’s foul charm,
Doth too too oft betake him to retire,
175 Beaten away by brainsick rude desire.
His falchion on a flint he softly smiteth,
That from the cold stone sparks of fire do fly,
Whereat a waxen torch forthwith he lighteth,
Which must be lodestar to his lustful eye,
180And to the flame thus speaks advisedly:
“As from this cold flint I enforced this fire,
So Lucrece must I force to my desire.”
Here pale with fear he doth premeditate
The dangers of his loathsome enterprise,
185And in his inward mind he doth debate
What following sorrow may on this arise.
Then, looking scornfully, he doth despise
His naked armor of still-slaughtered lust
And justly thus controls his thoughts unjust:
190“Fair torch, burn out thy light, and lend it not
To darken her whose light excelleth thine.
And die, unhallowed thoughts, before you blot
With your uncleanness that which is divine.
Offer pure incense to so pure a shrine.
195 Let fair humanity abhor the deed
That spots and stains love’s modest snow-white weed.
“O, shame to knighthood and to shining arms!
O, foul dishonor to my household’s grave!
O, impious act including all foul harms!
200A martial man to be soft fancy’s slave!
True valor still a true respect should have.
Then my digression is so vile, so base,
That it will live engraven in my face.
“Yea, though I die, the scandal will survive
205And be an eyesore in my golden coat;
Some loathsome dash the herald will contrive
To cipher me how fondly I did dote,
That my posterity, shamed with the note,
Shall curse my bones and hold it for no sin
210 To wish that I their father had not been.
“What win I if I gain the thing I seek?
A dream, a breath, a froth of fleeting joy.
Who buys a minute’s mirth to wail a week
Or sells eternity to get a toy?
215For one sweet grape who will the vine destroy?
Or what fond beggar, but to touch the crown,
Would with the scepter straight be strucken down?
“If Collatinus dream of my intent,
Will he not wake and, in a desp’rate rage,
220Post hither this vile purpose to prevent—
This siege, that hath engirt his marriage,
This blur to youth, this sorrow to the sage,
This dying virtue, this surviving shame,
Whose crime will bear an ever-during blame?
225“O, what excuse can my invention make
When thou shalt charge me with so black a deed?
Will not my tongue be mute, my frail joints shake,
Mine eyes forgo their light, my false heart bleed?
The guilt being great, the fear doth still exceed,
230 And extreme fear can neither fight nor fly
But cowardlike with trembling terror die.
“Had Collatinus killed my son or sire
Or lain in ambush to betray my life,
Or were he not my dear friend, this desire
235Might have excuse to work upon his wife,
As in revenge or quittal of such strife;
But as he is my kinsman, my dear friend,
The shame and fault finds no excuse nor end.
“Shameful it is: ay, if the fact be known,
240Hateful it is: there is no hate in loving.
I’ll beg her love. But she is not her own.
The worst is but denial and reproving;
My will is strong, past reason’s weak removing.
Who fears a sentence or an old man’s saw
245 Shall by a painted cloth be kept in awe.”
Thus, graceless, holds he disputation
’Tween frozen conscience and hot-burning will,
And with good thoughts makes dispensation,
Urging the worser sense for vantage still,
250Which in a moment doth confound and kill
All pure effects, and doth so far proceed
That what is vile shows like a virtuous deed.
Quoth he, “She took me kindly by the hand
And gazed for tidings in my eager eyes,
255Fearing some hard news from the warlike band
Where her belovèd Collatinus lies.
O, how her fear did make her color rise!
First red as roses that on lawn we lay,
Then white as lawn, the roses took away.
260“And how her hand, in my hand being locked,
Forced it to tremble with her loyal fear,
Which struck her sad, and then it faster rocked
Until her husband’s welfare she did hear,
Whereat she smilèd with so sweet a cheer
265 That, had Narcissus seen her as she stood,
Self-love had never drowned him in the flood.
“Why hunt I then for color or excuses?
All orators are dumb when Beauty pleadeth.
Poor wretches have remorse in poor abuses;
270Love thrives not in the heart that shadows dreadeth.
Affection is my captain, and he leadeth;
And when his gaudy banner is displayed,
The coward fights and will not be dismayed.
“Then, childish fear, avaunt! Debating, die!
275Respect and Reason, wait on wrinkled Age.
My heart shall never countermand mine eye.
Sad pause and deep regard beseems the sage;
My part is youth, and beats these from the stage.
Desire my pilot is, beauty my prize;
280 Then who fears sinking where such treasure lies?”
As corn o’ergrown by weeds, so heedful fear
Is almost choked by unresisted lust.
Away he steals with open list’ning ear,
Full of foul hope and full of fond mistrust,
285Both which, as servitors to the unjust,
So cross him with their opposite persuasion
That now he vows a league and now invasion.
Within his thought her heavenly image sits,
And in the selfsame seat sits Collatine.
290That eye which looks on her confounds his wits;
That eye which him beholds, as more divine,
Unto a view so false will not incline,
But with a pure appeal seeks to the heart,
Which once corrupted takes the worser part;
295And therein heartens up his servile powers,
Who, flattered by their leader’s jocund show,
Stuff up his lust, as minutes fill up hours;
And as their captain, so their pride doth grow,
Paying more slavish tribute than they owe.
300 By reprobate desire thus madly led,
The Roman lord marcheth to Lucrece’ bed.
The locks between her chamber and his will,
Each one by him enforced, retires his ward;
But, as they open, they all rate his ill,
305Which drives the creeping thief to some regard.
The threshold grates the door to have him heard;
Night-wand’ring weasels shriek to see him there;
They fright him, yet he still pursues his fear.
As each unwilling portal yields him way,
310Through little vents and crannies of the place
The wind wars with his torch to make him stay
And blows the smoke of it into his face,
Extinguishing his conduct in this case;
But his hot heart, which fond desire doth scorch,
315 Puffs forth another wind that fires the torch.
And being lighted, by the light he spies
Lucretia’s glove, wherein her needle sticks.
He takes it from the rushes where it lies,
And gripping it, the needle his finger pricks,
320As who should say, “This glove to wanton tricks
Is not inured. Return again in haste.
Thou seest our mistress’ ornaments are chaste.”
But all these poor forbiddings could not stay him;
He in the worst sense consters their denial.
325The doors, the wind, the glove that did delay him
He takes for accidental things of trial,
Or as those bars which stop the hourly dial,
Who with a ling’ring stay his course doth let
Till every minute pays the hour his debt.
330“So, so,” quoth he, “these lets attend the time
Like little frosts that sometimes threat the spring,
To add a more rejoicing to the prime
And give the sneapèd birds more cause to sing.
Pain pays the income of each precious thing:
335 Huge rocks, high winds, strong pirates, shelves, and sands
The merchant fears ere rich at home he lands.”
Now is he come unto the chamber door
That shuts him from the heaven of his thought,
Which with a yielding latch, and with no more,
340Hath barred him from the blessèd thing he sought.
So from himself impiety hath wrought
That for his prey to pray he doth begin,
As if the heavens should countenance his sin.
But in the midst of his unfruitful prayer,
345Having solicited th’ eternal power
That his foul thoughts might compass his fair fair,
And they would stand auspicious to the hour,
Even there he starts. Quoth he, “I must deflower.
The powers to whom I pray abhor this fact;
350 How can they then assist me in the act?
“Then Love and Fortune be my gods, my guide!
My will is backed with resolution.
Thoughts are but dreams till their effects be tried.
The blackest sin is cleared with absolution.
355Against love’s fire fear’s frost hath dissolution.
The eye of heaven is out, and misty night
Covers the shame that follows sweet delight.”
This said, his guilty hand plucked up the latch,
And with his knee the door he opens wide.
360The dove sleeps fast that this night-owl will catch.
Thus treason works ere traitors be espied.
Who sees the lurking serpent steps aside,
But she, sound sleeping, fearing no such thing,
Lies at the mercy of his mortal sting.
365Into the chamber wickedly he stalks
And gazeth on her yet unstainèd bed.
The curtains being close, about he walks,
Rolling his greedy eyeballs in his head.
By their high treason is his heart misled,
370 Which gives the watchword to his hand full soon
To draw the cloud that hides the silver moon.
Look as the fair and fiery-pointed sun,
Rushing from forth a cloud, bereaves our sight;
Even so, the curtain drawn, his eyes begun
375To wink, being blinded with a greater light.
Whether it is that she reflects so bright
That dazzleth them, or else some shame supposed,
But blind they are and keep themselves enclosed.
O, had they in that darksome prison died,
380Then had they seen the period of their ill!
Then Collatine again by Lucrece’ side
In his clear bed might have reposèd still.
But they must ope, this blessèd league to kill,
And holy-thoughted Lucrece to their sight
385 Must sell her joy, her life, her world’s delight.
Her lily hand her rosy cheek lies under,
Coz’ning the pillow of a lawful kiss,
Who, therefore angry, seems to part in sunder,
Swelling on either side to want his bliss;
390Between whose hills her head entombèd is,
Where like a virtuous monument she lies,
To be admired of lewd unhallowed eyes.
Without the bed her other fair hand was,
On the green coverlet, whose perfect white
395Showed like an April daisy on the grass,
With pearly sweat resembling dew of night.
Her eyes, like marigolds, had sheathed their light
And, canopied in darkness, sweetly lay
Till they might open to adorn the day.
400Her hair, like golden threads, played with her breath—
O, modest wantons, wanton modesty!—
Showing life’s triumph in the map of death
And death’s dim look in life’s mortality.
Each in her sleep themselves so beautify
405 As if between them twain there were no strife,
But that life lived in death and death in life.
Her breasts like ivory globes circled with blue,
A pair of maiden worlds unconquerèd,
Save of their lord no bearing yoke they knew,
410And him by oath they truly honorèd.
These worlds in Tarquin new ambition bred,
Who, like a foul usurper, went about
From this fair throne to heave the owner out.
What could he see but mightily he noted?
415What did he note but strongly he desired?
What he beheld, on that he firmly doted,
And in his will his willful eye he tired.
With more than admiration he admired
Her azure veins, her alabaster skin,
420 Her coral lips, her snow-white dimpled chin.
As the grim lion fawneth o’er his prey,
Sharp hunger by the conquest satisfied,
So o’er this sleeping soul doth Tarquin stay,
His rage of lust by gazing qualified—
425Slaked, not suppressed; for, standing by her side,
His eye, which late this mutiny restrains,
Unto a greater uproar tempts his veins.
And they, like straggling slaves for pillage fighting,
Obdurate vassals fell exploits effecting,
430In bloody death and ravishment delighting,
Nor children’s tears nor mothers’ groans respecting,
Swell in their pride, the onset still expecting.
Anon his beating heart, alarum striking,
Gives the hot charge and bids them do their liking.
435His drumming heart cheers up his burning eye;
His eye commends the leading to his hand;
His hand, as proud of such a dignity,
Smoking with pride, marched on to make his stand
On her bare breast, the heart of all her land,
440 Whose ranks of blue veins, as his hand did scale,
Left their round turrets destitute and pale.
They, must’ring to the quiet cabinet
Where their dear governess and lady lies,
Do tell her she is dreadfully beset,
445And fright her with confusion of their cries.
She, much amazed, breaks ope her locked-up eyes,
Who, peeping forth this tumult to behold,
Are by his flaming torch dimmed and controlled.
Imagine her as one in dead of night
450From forth dull sleep by dreadful fancy waking,
That thinks she hath beheld some ghastly sprite,
Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking.
What terror ’tis! But she, in worser taking,
From sleep disturbèd, heedfully doth view
455 The sight which makes supposèd terror true.
Wrapped and confounded in a thousand fears,
Like to a new-killed bird she trembling lies.
She dares not look; yet, winking, there appears
Quick-shifting antics, ugly in her eyes.
460Such shadows are the weak brain’s forgeries,
Who, angry that the eyes fly from their lights,
In darkness daunts them with more dreadful sights.
His hand, that yet remains upon her breast,
Rude ram to batter such an ivory wall,
465May feel her heart, poor citizen, distressed,
Wounding itself to death, rise up and fall,
Beating her bulk, that his hand shakes withal.
This moves in him more rage and lesser pity
To make the breach and enter this sweet city.
470First, like a trumpet doth his tongue begin
To sound a parley to his heartless foe,
Who o’er the white sheet peers her whiter chin
The reason of this rash alarm to know,
Which he by dumb demeanor seeks to show.
475 But she with vehement prayers urgeth still
Under what color he commits this ill.
Thus he replies: “The color in thy face,
That even for anger makes the lily pale,
And the red rose blush at her own disgrace,
480Shall plead for me and tell my loving tale.
Under that color am I come to scale
Thy never-conquered fort; the fault is thine,
For those thine eyes betray thee unto mine.
“Thus I forestall thee if thou mean to chide:
485Thy beauty hath ensnared thee to this night,
Where thou with patience must my will abide,
My will that marks thee for my earth’s delight,
Which I to conquer sought with all my might.
But as reproof and reason beat it dead,
490 By thy bright beauty was it newly bred.
“I see what crosses my attempt will bring;
I know what thorns the growing rose defends;
I think the honey guarded with a sting;
All this beforehand counsel comprehends.
495But will is deaf and hears no heedful friends;
Only he hath an eye to gaze on beauty
And dotes on what he looks, ’gainst law or duty.
“I have debated, even in my soul,
What wrong, what shame, what sorrow I shall breed,
500But nothing can affection’s course control
Or stop the headlong fury of his speed.
I know repentant tears ensue the deed,
Reproach, disdain, and deadly enmity,
Yet strive I to embrace mine infamy.”
505This said, he shakes aloft his Roman blade,
Which, like a falcon tow’ring in the skies,
Coucheth the fowl below with his wings’ shade,
Whose crookèd beak threats, if he mount, he dies.
So under his insulting falchion lies
510 Harmless Lucretia, marking what he tells
With trembling fear, as fowl hear falcons’ bells.
“Lucrece,” quoth he, “this night I must enjoy thee.
If thou deny, then force must work my way,
For in thy bed I purpose to destroy thee.
515That done, some worthless slave of thine I’ll slay,
To kill thine honor with thy life’s decay,
And in thy dead arms do I mean to place him,
Swearing I slew him, seeing thee embrace him.
“So thy surviving husband shall remain
520The scornful mark of every open eye,
Thy kinsmen hang their heads at this disdain,
Thy issue blurred with nameless bastardy;
And thou, the author of their obloquy,
Shalt have thy trespass cited up in rhymes
525 And sung by children in succeeding times.
“But if thou yield, I rest thy secret friend.
The fault unknown is as a thought unacted;
A little harm done to a great good end
For lawful policy remains enacted.
530The poisonous simple sometimes is compacted
In a pure compound; being so applied,
His venom in effect is purified.
“Then, for thy husband and thy children’s sake,
Tender my suit. Bequeath not to their lot
535The shame that from them no device can take,
The blemish that will never be forgot,
Worse than a slavish wipe or birth-hour’s blot,
For marks descried in men’s nativity
Are nature’s faults, not their own infamy.”
540Here with a cockatrice’ dead-killing eye
He rouseth up himself and makes a pause,
While she, the picture of pure piety,
Like a white hind under the gripe’s sharp claws,
Pleads, in a wilderness where are no laws,
545 To the rough beast that knows no gentle right
Nor aught obeys but his foul appetite.
But when a black-faced cloud the world doth threat,
In his dim mist th’ aspiring mountains hiding,
From Earth’s dark womb some gentle gust doth get,
550Which blow these pitchy vapors from their biding,
Hind’ring their present fall by this dividing;
So his unhallowed haste her words delays,
And moody Pluto winks while Orpheus plays.
Yet, foul night-waking cat, he doth but dally,
555While in his hold-fast foot the weak mouse panteth.
Her sad behavior feeds his vulture folly,
A swallowing gulf that even in plenty wanteth.
His ear her prayers admits, but his heart granteth
No penetrable entrance to her plaining;
560 Tears harden lust, though marble wear with raining.
Her pity-pleading eyes are sadly fixed
In the remorseless wrinkles of his face.
Her modest eloquence with sighs is mixed,
Which to her oratory adds more grace.
565She puts the period often from his place,
And midst the sentence so her accent breaks
That twice she doth begin ere once she speaks.
She conjures him by high almighty Jove,
By knighthood, gentry, and sweet friendship’s oath,
570By her untimely tears, her husband’s love,
By holy human law, and common troth,
By heaven and Earth, and all the power of both,
That to his borrowed bed he make retire
And stoop to honor, not to foul desire.
575Quoth she, “Reward not hospitality
With such black payment as thou hast pretended;
Mud not the fountain that gave drink to thee.
Mar not the thing that cannot be amended.
End thy ill aim before thy shoot be ended;
580 He is no woodman that doth bend his bow
To strike a poor unseasonable doe.
“My husband is thy friend; for his sake spare me.
Thyself art mighty; for thine own sake leave me.
Myself a weakling, do not then ensnare me;
585Thou look’st not like deceit; do not deceive me.
My sighs, like whirlwinds, labor hence to heave thee.
If ever man were moved with woman’s moans,
Be movèd with my tears, my sighs, my groans,
“All which together, like a troubled ocean,
590Beat at thy rocky and wrack-threat’ning heart,
To soften it with their continual motion,
For stones dissolved to water do convert.
O, if no harder than a stone thou art,
Melt at my tears and be compassionate!
595 Soft pity enters at an iron gate.
“In Tarquin’s likeness I did entertain thee.
Hast thou put on his shape to do him shame?
To all the host of heaven I complain me:
Thou wrong’st his honor, wound’st his princely name.
600Thou art not what thou seem’st, and if the same,
Thou seem’st not what thou art, a god, a king;
For kings, like gods, should govern everything.
“How will thy shame be seeded in thine age
When thus thy vices bud before thy spring?
605If in thy hope thou dar’st do such outrage,
What dar’st thou not when once thou art a king?
O, be remembered, no outrageous thing
From vassal actors can be wiped away;
Then king’s misdeeds cannot be hid in clay.
610“This deed will make thee only loved for fear,
But happy monarchs still are feared for love.
With foul offenders thou perforce must bear
When they in thee the like offenses prove.
If but for fear of this, thy will remove,
615 For princes are the glass, the school, the book,
Where subjects’ eyes do learn, do read, do look.
“And wilt thou be the school where Lust shall learn?
Must he in thee read lectures of such shame?
Wilt thou be glass wherein it shall discern
620Authority for sin, warrant for blame,
To privilege dishonor in thy name?
Thou back’st reproach against long-living laud
And mak’st fair reputation but a bawd.
“Hast thou command? By Him that gave it thee,
625From a pure heart command thy rebel will.
Draw not thy sword to guard iniquity,
For it was lent thee all that brood to kill.
Thy princely office how canst thou fulfill
When, patterned by thy fault, foul Sin may say
630 He learned to sin, and thou didst teach the way.
“Think but how vile a spectacle it were
To view thy present trespass in another.
Men’s faults do seldom to themselves appear;
Their own transgressions partially they smother.
635This guilt would seem death-worthy in thy brother.
O, how are they wrapped in with infamies
That from their own misdeeds askance their eyes!
“To thee, to thee, my heaved-up hands appeal,
Not to seducing lust, thy rash relier.
640I sue for exiled majesty’s repeal;
Let him return, and flatt’ring thoughts retire.
His true respect will prison false desire
And wipe the dim mist from thy doting eyne,
That thou shalt see thy state and pity mine.”
645“Have done,” quoth he. “My uncontrollèd tide
Turns not, but swells the higher by this let.
Small lights are soon blown out; huge fires abide,
And with the wind in greater fury fret.
The petty streams that pay a daily debt
650 To their salt sovereign with their fresh falls’ haste
Add to his flow but alter not his taste.”
“Thou art,” quoth she, “a sea, a sovereign king,
And, lo, there falls into thy boundless flood
Black lust, dishonor, shame, misgoverning,
655Who seek to stain the ocean of thy blood.
If all these petty ills shall change thy good,
Thy sea within a puddle’s womb is hearsed,
And not the puddle in thy sea dispersed.
“So shall these slaves be king, and thou their slave;
660Thou nobly base, they basely dignified;
Thou their fair life, and they thy fouler grave;
Thou loathèd in their shame, they in thy pride.
The lesser thing should not the greater hide;
The cedar stoops not to the base shrub’s foot,
665 But low shrubs wither at the cedar’s root.
“So let thy thoughts, low vassals to thy state—”
“No more,” quoth he. “By heaven, I will not hear thee.
Yield to my love. If not, enforcèd hate,
Instead of love’s coy touch, shall rudely tear thee.
670That done, despitefully I mean to bear thee
Unto the base bed of some rascal groom,
To be thy partner in this shameful doom.”
This said, he sets his foot upon the light,
For light and lust are deadly enemies.
675Shame folded up in blind concealing night,
When most unseen, then most doth tyrannize.
The wolf hath seized his prey; the poor lamb cries,
Till, with her own white fleece her voice controlled,
Entombs her outcry in her lips’ sweet fold.
680For with the nightly linen that she wears
He pens her piteous clamors in her head,
Cooling his hot face in the chastest tears
That ever modest eyes with sorrow shed.
O, that prone lust should stain so pure a bed!
685 The spots whereof could weeping purify,
Her tears should drop on them perpetually.
But she hath lost a dearer thing than life,
And he hath won what he would lose again.
This forcèd league doth force a further strife;
690This momentary joy breeds months of pain;
This hot desire converts to cold disdain.
Pure Chastity is rifled of her store,
And Lust, the thief, far poorer than before.
Look as the full-fed hound or gorgèd hawk,
695Unapt for tender smell or speedy flight,
Make slow pursuit, or altogether balk
The prey wherein by nature they delight;
So surfeit-taking Tarquin fares this night.
His taste delicious, in digestion souring,
700 Devours his will, that lived by foul devouring.
O, deeper sin than bottomless conceit
Can comprehend in still imagination!
Drunken Desire must vomit his receipt
Ere he can see his own abomination.
705While Lust is in his pride, no exclamation
Can curb his heat or rein his rash desire,
Till, like a jade, Self-will himself doth tire.
And then with lank and lean discolored cheek,
With heavy eye, knit brow, and strengthless pace,
710Feeble Desire, all recreant, poor, and meek,
Like to a bankrout beggar wails his case.
The flesh being proud, Desire doth fight with Grace,
For there it revels; and when that decays,
The guilty rebel for remission prays.
715So fares it with this faultful lord of Rome,
Who this accomplishment so hotly chased,
For now against himself he sounds this doom,
That through the length of times he stands disgraced.
Besides, his soul’s fair temple is defaced,
720 To whose weak ruins muster troops of cares
To ask the spotted princess how she fares.
She says her subjects with foul insurrection
Have battered down her consecrated wall
And, by their mortal fault, brought in subjection
725Her immortality, and made her thrall
To living death and pain perpetual,
Which in her prescience she controllèd still,
But her foresight could not forestall their will.
E’en in this thought through the dark night he stealeth,
730A captive victor that hath lost in gain,
Bearing away the wound that nothing healeth,
The scar that will, despite of cure, remain,
Leaving his spoil perplexed in greater pain.
She bears the load of lust he left behind,
735 And he the burden of a guilty mind.
He like a thievish dog creeps sadly thence;
She like a wearied lamb lies panting there.
He scowls and hates himself for his offense;
She, desperate, with her nails her flesh doth tear.
740He faintly flies, sweating with guilty fear;
She stays, exclaiming on the direful night;
He runs and chides his vanished, loathed delight.
He thence departs a heavy convertite;
She there remains a hopeless castaway.
745He in his speed looks for the morning light;
She prays she never may behold the day.
“For day,” quoth she, “night’s scapes doth open lay,
And my true eyes have never practiced how
To cloak offenses with a cunning brow.
750“They think not but that every eye can see
The same disgrace which they themselves behold,
And therefore would they still in darkness be,
To have their unseen sin remain untold.
For they their guilt with weeping will unfold,
755 And grave, like water that doth eat in steel,
Upon my cheeks what helpless shame I feel.”
Here she exclaims against repose and rest
And bids her eyes hereafter still be blind.
She wakes her heart by beating on her breast,
760And bids it leap from thence, where it may find
Some purer chest to close so pure a mind.
Frantic with grief thus breathes she forth her spite
Against the unseen secrecy of night.
“O, comfort-killing Night, image of hell,
765Dim register and notary of shame,
Black stage for tragedies and murders fell,
Vast sin-concealing chaos, nurse of blame,
Blind muffled bawd, dark harbor for defame,
Grim cave of death, whisp’ring conspirator
770 With close-tongued treason and the ravisher!
“O, hateful, vaporous, and foggy Night,
Since thou art guilty of my cureless crime,
Muster thy mists to meet the eastern light,
Make war against proportioned course of time;
775Or, if thou wilt permit the sun to climb
His wonted height, yet ere he go to bed,
Knit poisonous clouds about his golden head.
“With rotten damps ravish the morning air;
Let their exhaled unwholesome breaths make sick
780The life of purity, the supreme fair,
Ere he arrive his weary noontide prick,
And let thy musty vapors march so thick
That in their smoky ranks his smothered light
May set at noon and make perpetual night.
785“Were Tarquin Night, as he is but Night’s child,
The silver-shining queen he would distain;
Her twinkling handmaids too, by him defiled,
Through Night’s black bosom should not peep again.
So should I have copartners in my pain,
790 And fellowship in woe doth woe assuage,
As palmers’ chat makes short their pilgrimage.
“Where now I have no one to blush with me,
To cross their arms and hang their heads with mine,
To mask their brows and hide their infamy,
795But I alone alone must sit and pine,
Seasoning the earth with showers of silver brine,
Mingling my talk with tears, my grief with groans,
Poor wasting monuments of lasting moans.
“O Night, thou furnace of foul reeking smoke,
800Let not the jealous Day behold that face
Which underneath thy black all-hiding cloak
Immodestly lies martyred with disgrace!
Keep still possession of thy gloomy place,
That all the faults which in thy reign are made
805 May likewise be sepulchered in thy shade.
“Make me not object to the telltale Day.
The light will show charactered in my brow
The story of sweet chastity’s decay,
The impious breach of holy wedlock vow.
810Yea, the illiterate, that know not how
To cipher what is writ in learnèd books,
Will quote my loathsome trespass in my looks.
“The nurse, to still her child, will tell my story
And fright her crying babe with Tarquin’s name.
815The orator, to deck his oratory,
Will couple my reproach to Tarquin’s shame.
Feast-finding minstrels, tuning my defame,
Will tie the hearers to attend each line,
How Tarquin wrongèd me, I Collatine.
820“Let my good name, that senseless reputation,
For Collatine’s dear love be kept unspotted.
If that be made a theme for disputation,
The branches of another root are rotted
And undeserved reproach to him allotted
825 That is as clear from this attaint of mine
As I, ere this, was pure to Collatine.
“O unseen shame, invisible disgrace!
O unfelt sore, crest-wounding private scar!
Reproach is stamped in Collatinus’ face,
830And Tarquin’s eye may read the mot afar,
How he in peace is wounded, not in war.
Alas, how many bear such shameful blows,
Which not themselves but he that gives them knows!
“If, Collatine, thine honor lay in me,
835From me by strong assault it is bereft;
My honey lost, and I, a drone-like bee,
Have no perfection of my summer left,
But robbed and ransacked by injurious theft.
In thy weak hive a wand’ring wasp hath crept
840 And sucked the honey which thy chaste bee kept.
“Yet am I guilty of thy honor’s wrack;
Yet for thy honor did I entertain him.
Coming from thee, I could not put him back,
For it had been dishonor to disdain him.
845Besides, of weariness he did complain him
And talked of virtue. O, unlooked-for evil,
When virtue is profaned in such a devil!
“Why should the worm intrude the maiden bud?
Or hateful cuckoos hatch in sparrows’ nests?
850Or toads infect fair founts with venom mud?
Or tyrant folly lurk in gentle breasts?
Or kings be breakers of their own behests?
But no perfection is so absolute
That some impurity doth not pollute.
855“The agèd man that coffers up his gold
Is plagued with cramps and gouts and painful fits
And scarce hath eyes his treasure to behold,
But like still-pining Tantalus he sits,
And useless barns the harvest of his wits,
860 Having no other pleasure of his gain
But torment that it cannot cure his pain.
“So then he hath it when he cannot use it
And leaves it to be mastered by his young,
Who in their pride do presently abuse it.
865Their father was too weak and they too strong
To hold their cursèd-blessèd fortune long.
The sweets we wish for turn to loathèd sours
Even in the moment that we call them ours.
“Unruly blasts wait on the tender spring;
870Unwholesome weeds take root with precious flowers;
The adder hisses where the sweet birds sing;
What Virtue breeds Iniquity devours.
We have no good that we can say is ours
But ill-annexèd Opportunity
875 Or kills his life or else his quality.
“O Opportunity, thy guilt is great!
’Tis thou that execut’st the traitor’s treason;
Thou sets the wolf where he the lamb may get;
Whoever plots the sin, thou ’point’st the season.
880’Tis thou that spurn’st at right, at law, at reason,
And in thy shady cell, where none may spy him,
Sits Sin, to seize the souls that wander by him.
“Thou makest the vestal violate her oath;
Thou blowest the fire when temperance is thawed;
885Thou smother’st honesty, thou murd’rest troth.
Thou foul abettor, thou notorious bawd,
Thou plantest scandal and displacest laud.
Thou ravisher, thou traitor, thou false thief,
Thy honey turns to gall, thy joy to grief.
890“Thy secret pleasure turns to open shame,
Thy private feasting to a public fast,
Thy smoothing titles to a raggèd name,
Thy sugared tongue to bitter wormwood taste.
Thy violent vanities can never last.
895 How comes it, then, vile Opportunity,
Being so bad, such numbers seek for thee?
“When wilt thou be the humble suppliant’s friend
And bring him where his suit may be obtained?
When wilt thou sort an hour great strifes to end,
900Or free that soul which wretchedness hath chained,
Give physic to the sick, ease to the pained?
The poor, lame, blind, halt, creep, cry out for thee,
But they ne’er meet with Opportunity.
“The patient dies while the physician sleeps;
905The orphan pines while the oppressor feeds;
Justice is feasting while the widow weeps;
Advice is sporting while infection breeds.
Thou grant’st no time for charitable deeds.
Wrath, envy, treason, rape, and murder’s rages,
910 Thy heinous hours wait on them as their pages.
“When Truth and Virtue have to do with thee,
A thousand crosses keep them from thy aid.
They buy thy help, but Sin ne’er gives a fee;
He gratis comes, and thou art well apaid
915As well to hear as grant what he hath said.
My Collatine would else have come to me
When Tarquin did, but he was stayed by thee.
“Guilty thou art of murder and of theft,
Guilty of perjury and subornation,
920Guilty of treason, forgery, and shift,
Guilty of incest, that abomination—
An accessory by thine inclination
To all sins past and all that are to come,
From the creation to the general doom.
925“Misshapen Time, copesmate of ugly Night,
Swift subtle post, carrier of grisly care,
Eater of youth, false slave to false delight,
Base watch of woes, sin’s packhorse, virtue’s snare!
Thou nursest all and murd’rest all that are.
930 O, hear me, then, injurious, shifting Time!
Be guilty of my death, since of my crime.
“Why hath thy servant Opportunity
Betrayed the hours thou gav’st me to repose,
Canceled my fortunes, and enchainèd me
935To endless date of never-ending woes?
Time’s office is to fine the hate of foes,
To eat up errors by opinion bred,
Not spend the dowry of a lawful bed.
“Time’s glory is to calm contending kings,
940To unmask falsehood and bring truth to light,
To stamp the seal of time in agèd things,
To wake the morn and sentinel the night,
To wrong the wronger till he render right,
To ruinate proud buildings with thy hours
945 And smear with dust their glitt’ring golden towers,
“To fill with worm-holes stately monuments,
To feed oblivion with decay of things,
To blot old books and alter their contents,
To pluck the quills from ancient ravens’ wings,
950To dry the old oak’s sap and cherish springs,
To spoil antiquities of hammered steel
And turn the giddy round of Fortune’s wheel,
“To show the beldam daughters of her daughter,
To make the child a man, the man a child,
955To slay the tiger that doth live by slaughter,
To tame the unicorn and lion wild,
To mock the subtle in themselves beguiled,
To cheer the plowman with increaseful crops
And waste huge stones with little water drops.
960“Why work’st thou mischief in thy pilgrimage,
Unless thou couldst return to make amends?
One poor retiring minute in an age
Would purchase thee a thousand thousand friends,
Lending him wit that to bad debtors lends.
965 O this dread night, wouldst thou one hour come back,
I could prevent this storm and shun thy wrack!
“Thou ceaseless lackey to Eternity,
With some mischance cross Tarquin in his flight.
Devise extremes beyond extremity
970To make him curse this cursèd crimeful night.
Let ghastly shadows his lewd eyes affright,
And the dire thought of his committed evil
Shape every bush a hideous shapeless devil.
“Disturb his hours of rest with restless trances.
975Afflict him in his bed with bedrid groans.
Let there bechance him pitiful mischances
To make him moan, but pity not his moans.
Stone him with hard’ned hearts harder than stones,
And let mild women to him lose their mildness,
980 Wilder to him than tigers in their wildness.
“Let him have time to tear his curlèd hair,
Let him have time against himself to rave,
Let him have time of Time’s help to despair,
Let him have time to live a loathèd slave,
985Let him have time a beggar’s orts to crave
And time to see one that by alms doth live
Disdain to him disdainèd scraps to give.
“Let him have time to see his friends his foes,
And merry fools to mock at him resort.
990Let him have time to mark how slow time goes
In time of sorrow, and how swift and short
His time of folly and his time of sport;
And ever let his unrecalling crime
Have time to wail th’abusing of his time.
995“O Time, thou tutor both to good and bad,
Teach me to curse him that thou taught’st this ill!
At his own shadow let the thief run mad,
Himself himself seek every hour to kill.
Such wretched hands such wretched blood should spill,
1000 For who so base would such an office have
As sland’rous deathsman to so base a slave?
“The baser is he, coming from a king,
To shame his hope with deeds degenerate.
The mightier man, the mightier is the thing
1005That makes him honored or begets him hate;
For greatest scandal waits on greatest state.
The moon being clouded presently is missed,
But little stars may hide them when they list.
“The crow may bathe his coal-black wings in mire
1010And unperceived fly with the filth away,
But if the like the snow-white swan desire,
The stain upon his silver down will stay.
Poor grooms are sightless night, kings glorious day.
Gnats are unnoted wheresoe’er they fly,
1015 But eagles gazed upon with every eye.
“Out, idle words, servants to shallow fools,
Unprofitable sounds, weak arbitrators!
Busy yourselves in skill-contending schools;
Debate where leisure serves with dull debaters;
1020To trembling clients be you mediators.
For me, I force not argument a straw,
Since that my case is past the help of law.
“In vain I rail at Opportunity,
At Time, at Tarquin, and uncheerful Night.
1025In vain I cavil with mine infamy.
In vain I spurn at my confirmed despite.
This helpless smoke of words doth me no right.
The remedy indeed to do me good
Is to let forth my foul defilèd blood.
1030“Poor hand, why quiver’st thou at this decree?
Honor thyself to rid me of this shame,
For if I die, my honor lives in thee,
But if I live, thou liv’st in my defame;
Since thou couldst not defend thy loyal dame
1035 And wast affeard to scratch her wicked foe,
Kill both thyself and her for yielding so.”
This said, from her betumbled couch she starteth,
To find some desp’rate instrument of death,
But this, no slaughterhouse, no tool imparteth
1040To make more vent for passage of her breath,
Which, thronging through her lips, so vanisheth
As smoke from Etna, that in air consumes,
Or that which from dischargèd cannon fumes.
“In vain,” quoth she, “I live, and seek in vain
1045Some happy mean to end a hapless life.
I feared by Tarquin’s falchion to be slain,
Yet for the selfsame purpose seek a knife.
But when I feared, I was a loyal wife;
So am I now.—O no, that cannot be!
1050 Of that true type hath Tarquin rifled me.
“O, that is gone for which I sought to live,
And therefore now I need not fear to die.
To clear this spot by death, at least I give
A badge of fame to slander’s livery,
1055A dying life to living infamy.
Poor helpless help, the treasure stol’n away,
To burn the guiltless casket where it lay!
“Well, well, dear Collatine, thou shalt not know
The stainèd taste of violated troth;
1060I will not wrong thy true affection so
To flatter thee with an infringèd oath.
This bastard graff shall never come to growth;
He shall not boast who did thy stock pollute
That thou art doting father of his fruit.
1065“Nor shall he smile at thee in secret thought,
Nor laugh with his companions at thy state,
But thou shalt know thy int’rest was not bought
Basely with gold, but stol’n from forth thy gate.
For me, I am the mistress of my fate
1070 And with my trespass never will dispense
Till life to death acquit my forced offense.
“I will not poison thee with my attaint,
Nor fold my fault in cleanly coined excuses;
My sable ground of sin I will not paint
1075To hide the truth of this false night’s abuses.
My tongue shall utter all; mine eyes, like sluices,
As from a mountain spring that feeds a dale,
Shall gush pure streams to purge my impure tale.”
By this, lamenting Philomel had ended
1080The well-tuned warble of her nightly sorrow,
And solemn night with slow sad gait descended
To ugly hell, when, lo, the blushing morrow
Lends light to all fair eyes that light will borrow.
But cloudy Lucrece shames herself to see
1085 And therefore still in night would cloistered be.
Revealing day through every cranny spies
And seems to point her out where she sits weeping,
To whom she sobbing speaks: “O eye of eyes,
Why pry’st thou through my window? Leave thy peeping.
1090Mock with thy tickling beams eyes that are sleeping.
Brand not my forehead with thy piercing light,
For day hath naught to do what’s done by night.”
Thus cavils she with everything she sees.
True grief is fond and testy as a child,
1095Who, wayward once, his mood with naught agrees.
Old woes, not infant sorrows, bear them mild:
Continuance tames the one; the other, wild,
Like an unpracticed swimmer plunging still
With too much labor drowns for want of skill.
1100So she, deep drenchèd in a sea of care,
Holds disputation with each thing she views
And to herself all sorrow doth compare;
No object but her passion’s strength renews,
And as one shifts, another straight ensues.
1105 Sometimes her grief is dumb and hath no words;
Sometimes ’tis mad and too much talk affords.
The little birds that tune their morning’s joy
Make her moans mad with their sweet melody,
For mirth doth search the bottom of annoy;
1110Sad souls are slain in merry company.
Grief best is pleased with grief’s society;
True sorrow then is feelingly sufficed
When with like semblance it is sympathized.
’Tis double death to drown in ken of shore;
1115He ten times pines that pines beholding food;
To see the salve doth make the wound ache more;
Great grief grieves most at that would do it good.
Deep woes roll forward like a gentle flood,
Who, being stopped, the bounding banks o’erflows;
1120 Grief dallied with nor law nor limit knows.
“You mocking birds,” quoth she, “your tunes entomb
Within your hollow-swelling feathered breasts,
And in my hearing be you mute and dumb;
My restless discord loves no stops nor rests.
1125A woeful hostess brooks not merry guests.
Relish your nimble notes to pleasing ears;
Distress likes dumps when time is kept with tears.
“Come, Philomel, that sing’st of ravishment,
Make thy sad grove in my disheveled hair.
1130As the dank earth weeps at thy languishment,
So I at each sad strain will strain a tear
And with deep groans the diapason bear;
For burden-wise I’ll hum on Tarquin still,
While thou on Tereus descants better skill.
1135“And whiles against a thorn thou bear’st thy part
To keep thy sharp woes waking, wretched I,
To imitate thee well, against my heart
Will fix a sharp knife to affright mine eye,
Who if it wink shall thereon fall and die.
1140 These means, as frets upon an instrument,
Shall tune our heartstrings to true languishment.
“And for, poor bird, thou sing’st not in the day,
As shaming any eye should thee behold,
Some dark, deep desert seated from the way,
1145That knows not parching heat nor freezing cold,
Will we find out, and there we will unfold
To creatures stern sad tunes to change their kinds.
Since men prove beasts, let beasts bear gentle minds.”
As the poor frighted deer that stands at gaze,
1150Wildly determining which way to fly,
Or one encompassed with a winding maze,
That cannot tread the way out readily,
So with herself is she in mutiny,
To live or die which of the twain were better
1155 When life is shamed and death reproach’s debtor.
“To kill myself,” quoth she, “alack, what were it
But with my body my poor soul’s pollution?
They that lose half with greater patience bear it
Than they whose whole is swallowed in confusion.
1160That mother tries a merciless conclusion
Who, having two sweet babes, when death takes one,
Will slay the other and be nurse to none.
“My body or my soul, which was the dearer
When the one pure, the other made divine?
1165Whose love of either to myself was nearer
When both were kept for heaven and Collatine?
Ay me, the bark pilled from the lofty pine,
His leaves will wither and his sap decay;
So must my soul, her bark being pilled away.
1170“Her house is sacked, her quiet interrupted,
Her mansion battered by the enemy,
Her sacred temple spotted, spoiled, corrupted,
Grossly engirt with daring infamy.
Then let it not be called impiety
1175 If in this blemished fort I make some hole
Through which I may convey this troubled soul.
“Yet die I will not till my Collatine
Have heard the cause of my untimely death,
That he may vow, in that sad hour of mine,
1180Revenge on him that made me stop my breath.
My stainèd blood to Tarquin I’ll bequeath,
Which, by him tainted, shall for him be spent,
And as his due writ in my testament.
“My honor I’ll bequeath unto the knife
1185That wounds my body so dishonorèd.
’Tis honor to deprive dishonored life;
The one will live, the other being dead.
So of shame’s ashes shall my fame be bred,
For in my death I murder shameful scorn;
1190 My shame so dead, mine honor is new born.
“Dear lord of that dear jewel I have lost,
What legacy shall I bequeath to thee?
My resolution, love, shall be thy boast,
By whose example thou revenged mayst be.
1195How Tarquin must be used, read it in me;
Myself, thy friend, will kill myself, thy foe,
And for my sake serve thou false Tarquin so.
“This brief abridgement of my will I make:
My soul and body to the skies and ground;
1200My resolution, husband, do thou take;
Mine honor be the knife’s that makes my wound;
My shame be his that did my fame confound;
And all my fame that lives disbursèd be
To those that live and think no shame of me.
1205“Thou, Collatine, shalt oversee this will;
How was I overseen that thou shalt see it!
My blood shall wash the slander of mine ill;
My life’s foul deed my life’s fair end shall free it.
Faint not, faint heart, but stoutly say, ‘So be it.’
1210 Yield to my hand; my hand shall conquer thee.
Thou dead, both die, and both shall victors be.”
This plot of death when sadly she had laid,
And wiped the brinish pearl from her bright eyes,
With untuned tongue she hoarsely calls her maid,
1215Whose swift obedience to her mistress hies,
For fleet-winged duty with thought’s feathers flies.
Poor Lucrece’ cheeks unto her maid seem so
As winter meads when sun doth melt their snow.
Her mistress she doth give demure good morrow
1220With soft slow tongue, true mark of modesty,
And sorts a sad look to her lady’s sorrow,
Forwhy her face wore sorrow’s livery,
But durst not ask of her audaciously
Why her two suns were cloud-eclipsèd so,
1225 Nor why her fair cheeks over-washed with woe.
But as the earth doth weep, the sun being set,
Each flower moistened like a melting eye,
Even so the maid with swelling drops gan wet
Her circled eyne, enforced by sympathy
1230Of those fair suns set in her mistress’ sky,
Who in a salt-waved ocean quench their light,
Which makes the maid weep like the dewy night.
A pretty while these pretty creatures stand
Like ivory conduits coral cisterns filling.
1235One justly weeps; the other takes in hand
No cause but company of her drops’ spilling.
Their gentle sex to weep are often willing,
Grieving themselves to guess at others’ smarts,
And then they drown their eyes or break their hearts.
1240For men have marble, women waxen, minds,
And therefore are they formed as marble will.
The weak oppressed, th’ impression of strange kinds
Is formed in them by force, by fraud, or skill.
Then call them not the authors of their ill
1245 No more than wax shall be accounted evil
Wherein is stamped the semblance of a devil.
Their smoothness, like a goodly champaign plain,
Lays open all the little worms that creep;
In men, as in a rough-grown grove, remain
1250Cave-keeping evils that obscurely sleep.
Through crystal walls each little mote will peep.
Though men can cover crimes with bold stern looks,
Poor women’s faces are their own faults’ books.
No man inveigh against the withered flower,
1255But chide rough winter that the flower hath killed.
Not that devoured, but that which doth devour,
Is worthy blame. O, let it not be hild
Poor women’s faults that they are so fulfilled
With men’s abuses. Those proud lords, to blame,
1260 Make weak-made women tenants to their shame.
The precedent whereof in Lucrece view,
Assailed by night with circumstances strong
Of present death, and shame that might ensue
By that her death, to do her husband wrong.
1265Such danger to resistance did belong
That dying fear through all her body spread,
And who cannot abuse a body dead?
By this, mild patience bid fair Lucrece speak
To the poor counterfeit of her complaining:
1270“My girl,” quoth she, “on what occasion break
Those tears from thee, that down thy cheeks are raining?
If thou dost weep for grief of my sustaining,
Know, gentle wench, it small avails my mood.
If tears could help, mine own would do me good.
1275“But tell me, girl, when went”—and there she stayed
Till after a deep groan—“Tarquin from hence?”
“Madam, ere I was up,” replied the maid,
“The more to blame my sluggard negligence.
Yet with the fault I thus far can dispense:
1280 Myself was stirring ere the break of day,
And, ere I rose, was Tarquin gone away.
“But, lady, if your maid may be so bold,
She would request to know your heaviness.”
“O, peace!” quoth Lucrece. “If it should be told,
1285The repetition cannot make it less,
For more it is than I can well express,
And that deep torture may be called a hell
When more is felt than one hath power to tell.
“Go, get me hither paper, ink, and pen.
1290Yet save that labor, for I have them here.—
What should I say?—One of my husband’s men
Bid thou be ready by and by to bear
A letter to my lord, my love, my dear.
Bid him with speed prepare to carry it;
1295 The cause craves haste, and it will soon be writ.”
Her maid is gone, and she prepares to write,
First hovering o’er the paper with her quill.
Conceit and grief an eager combat fight;
What wit sets down is blotted straight with will;
1300This is too curious-good, this blunt and ill.
Much like a press of people at a door
Throng her inventions, which shall go before.
At last she thus begins: “Thou worthy lord
Of that unworthy wife that greeteth thee,
1305Health to thy person. Next, vouchsafe t’ afford,
If ever, love, thy Lucrece thou wilt see,
Some present speed to come and visit me.
So I commend me from our house in grief.
My woes are tedious, though my words are brief.”
1310Here folds she up the tenor of her woe,
Her certain sorrow writ uncertainly.
By this short schedule Collatine may know
Her grief, but not her grief’s true quality.
She dares not thereof make discovery
1315 Lest he should hold it her own gross abuse
Ere she with blood had stained her stained excuse.
Besides, the life and feeling of her passion
She hoards to spend when he is by to hear her,
When sighs and groans and tears may grace the fashion
1320Of her disgrace, the better so to clear her
From that suspicion which the world might bear her.
To shun this blot, she would not blot the letter
With words till action might become them better.
To see sad sights moves more than hear them told,
1325For then the eye interprets to the ear
The heavy motion that it doth behold
When every part a part of woe doth bear.
’Tis but a part of sorrow that we hear.
Deep sounds make lesser noise than shallow fords,
1330 And sorrow ebbs, being blown with wind of words.
Her letter now is sealed, and on it writ,
“At Ardea to my lord with more than haste.”
The post attends, and she delivers it,
Charging the sour-faced groom to hie as fast
1335As lagging fowls before the northern blast.
Speed more than speed but dull and slow she deems;
Extremity still urgeth such extremes.
The homely villain curtsies to her low
And, blushing on her with a steadfast eye,
1340Receives the scroll without or yea or no,
And forth with bashful innocence doth hie.
But they whose guilt within their bosoms lie
Imagine every eye beholds their blame,
For Lucrece thought he blushed to see her shame,
1345When, silly groom, God wot, it was defect
Of spirit, life, and bold audacity.
Such harmless creatures have a true respect
To talk in deeds, while others saucily
Promise more speed but do it leisurely.
1350 Even so this pattern of the worn-out age
Pawned honest looks, but laid no words to gage.
His kindled duty kindled her mistrust,
That two red fires in both their faces blazed.
She thought he blushed as knowing Tarquin’s lust
1355And, blushing with him, wistly on him gazed.
Her earnest eye did make him more amazed.
The more she saw the blood his cheeks replenish,
The more she thought he spied in her some blemish.
But long she thinks till he return again,
1360And yet the duteous vassal scarce is gone.
The weary time she cannot entertain,
For now ’tis stale to sigh, to weep, and groan;
So woe hath wearied woe, moan tirèd moan,
That she her plaints a little while doth stay,
1365 Pausing for means to mourn some newer way.
At last she calls to mind where hangs a piece
Of skillful painting, made for Priam’s Troy,
Before the which is drawn the power of Greece,
For Helen’s rape the city to destroy,
1370Threat’ning cloud-kissing Ilion with annoy,
Which the conceited painter drew so proud
As heaven, it seemed, to kiss the turrets bowed.
A thousand lamentable objects there,
In scorn of Nature, Art gave lifeless life.
1375Many a dry drop seemed a weeping tear
Shed for the slaughtered husband by the wife.
The red blood reeked to show the painter’s strife,
And dying eyes gleamed forth their ashy lights
Like dying coals burnt out in tedious nights.
1380There might you see the laboring pioneer
Begrimed with sweat and smearèd all with dust,
And from the towers of Troy there would appear
The very eyes of men through loop-holes thrust,
Gazing upon the Greeks with little lust.
1385 Such sweet observance in this work was had
That one might see those far-off eyes look sad.
In great commanders grace and majesty
You might behold, triumphing in their faces;
In youth, quick bearing and dexterity;
1390And here and there the painter interlaces
Pale cowards marching on with trembling paces,
Which heartless peasants did so well resemble
That one would swear he saw them quake and tremble.
In Ajax and Ulysses, O, what art
1395Of physiognomy might one behold!
The face of either ciphered either’s heart,
Their face their manners most expressly told.
In Ajax’ eyes blunt rage and rigor rolled,
But the mild glance that sly Ulysses lent
1400 Showed deep regard and smiling government.
There pleading might you see grave Nestor stand,
As ’twere encouraging the Greeks to fight,
Making such sober action with his hand
That it beguiled attention, charmed the sight.
1405In speech, it seemed, his beard, all silver white,
Wagged up and down, and from his lips did fly
Thin winding breath, which purled up to the sky.
About him were a press of gaping faces,
Which seemed to swallow up his sound advice,
1410All jointly list’ning, but with several graces,
As if some mermaid did their ears entice;
Some high, some low, the painter was so nice.
The scalps of many, almost hid behind,
To jump up higher seemed, to mock the mind.
1415Here one man’s hand leaned on another’s head,
His nose being shadowed by his neighbor’s ear;
Here one being thronged bears back, all boll’n and red;
Another, smothered, seems to pelt and swear;
And in their rage such signs of rage they bear
1420 As, but for loss of Nestor’s golden words,
It seemed they would debate with angry swords.
For much imaginary work was there,
Conceit deceitful, so compact, so kind,
That for Achilles’ image stood his spear
1425Gripped in an armèd hand; himself, behind,
Was left unseen, save to the eye of mind.
A hand, a foot, a face, a leg, a head,
Stood for the whole to be imaginèd.
And from the walls of strong-besiegèd Troy,
1430When their brave hope, bold Hector, marched to field,
Stood many Trojan mothers, sharing joy
To see their youthful sons bright weapons wield,
And to their hope they such odd action yield
That through their light joy seemèd to appear,
1435 Like bright things stained, a kind of heavy fear.
And from the strand of Dardan, where they fought,
To Simois’ reedy banks the red blood ran,
Whose waves to imitate the battle sought
With swelling ridges, and their ranks began
1440To break upon the gallèd shore, and then
Retire again till, meeting greater ranks,
They join and shoot their foam at Simois’ banks.
To this well-painted piece is Lucrece come
To find a face where all distress is stelled.
1445Many she sees where cares have carvèd some,
But none where all distress and dolor dwelled,
Till she despairing Hecuba beheld,
Staring on Priam’s wounds with her old eyes,
Which bleeding under Pyrrhus’ proud foot lies.
1450In her the painter had anatomized
Time’s ruin, beauty’s wrack, and grim care’s reign.
Her cheeks with chaps and wrinkles were disguised;
Of what she was no semblance did remain.
Her blue blood, changed to black in every vein,
1455 Wanting the spring that those shrunk pipes had fed,
Showed life imprisoned in a body dead.
On this sad shadow Lucrece spends her eyes,
And shapes her sorrow to the beldam’s woes,
Who nothing wants to answer her but cries
1460And bitter words to ban her cruel foes.
The painter was no god to lend her those,
And therefore Lucrece swears he did her wrong
To give her so much grief and not a tongue.
“Poor instrument,” quoth she, “without a sound,
1465I’ll tune thy woes with my lamenting tongue,
And drop sweet balm in Priam’s painted wound,
And rail on Pyrrhus, that hath done him wrong,
And with my tears quench Troy, that burns so long,
And with my knife scratch out the angry eyes
1470 Of all the Greeks that are thine enemies.
“Show me the strumpet that began this stir,
That with my nails her beauty I may tear.
Thy heat of lust, fond Paris, did incur
This load of wrath that burning Troy doth bear;
1475Thy eye kindled the fire that burneth here,
And here in Troy, for trespass of thine eye,
The sire, the son, the dame, and daughter die.
“Why should the private pleasure of some one
Become the public plague of many moe?
1480Let sin, alone committed, light alone
Upon his head that hath transgressèd so;
Let guiltless souls be freed from guilty woe.
For one’s offense why should so many fall,
To plague a private sin in general?
1485“Lo, here weeps Hecuba, here Priam dies,
Here manly Hector faints, here Troilus swounds,
Here friend by friend in bloody channel lies,
And friend to friend gives unadvisèd wounds,
And one man’s lust these many lives confounds.
1490 Had doting Priam checked his son’s desire,
Troy had been bright with fame and not with fire.”
Here feelingly she weeps Troy’s painted woes,
For sorrow, like a heavy-hanging bell,
Once set on ringing, with his own weight goes;
1495Then little strength rings out the doleful knell.
So Lucrece, set a-work, sad tales doth tell
To penciled pensiveness and colored sorrow;
She lends them words, and she their looks doth borrow.
She throws her eyes about the painting round,
1500And who she finds forlorn she doth lament.
At last she sees a wretchèd image bound,
That piteous looks to Phrygian shepherds lent.
His face, though full of cares, yet showed content;
Onward to Troy with the blunt swains he goes,
1505 So mild that patience seemed to scorn his woes.
In him the painter labored with his skill
To hide deceit and give the harmless show
An humble gait, calm looks, eyes wailing still,
A brow unbent that seemed to welcome woe,
1510Cheeks neither red nor pale but mingled so
That blushing red no guilty instance gave,
Nor ashy pale the fear that false hearts have.
But, like a constant and confirmèd devil,
He entertained a show so seeming just,
1515And therein so ensconced his secret evil,
That jealousy itself could not mistrust
False-creeping craft and perjury should thrust
Into so bright a day such black-faced storms,
Or blot with hell-born sin such saintlike forms.
1520The well-skilled workman this mild image drew
For perjured Sinon, whose enchanting story
The credulous old Priam after slew;
Whose words like wildfire burnt the shining glory
Of rich-built Ilion, that the skies were sorry,
1525 And little stars shot from their fixèd places
When their glass fell wherein they viewed their faces.
This picture she advisedly perused,
And chid the painter for his wondrous skill,
Saying some shape in Sinon’s was abused;
1530So fair a form lodged not a mind so ill.
And still on him she gazed, and gazing still,
Such signs of truth in his plain face she spied
That she concludes the picture was belied.
“It cannot be,” quoth she, “that so much guile”—
1535She would have said “can lurk in such a look,”
But Tarquin’s shape came in her mind the while
And from her tongue “can lurk” from “cannot” took.
“It cannot be” she in that sense forsook,
And turned it thus: “It cannot be, I find,
1540 But such a face should bear a wicked mind.
“For even as subtle Sinon here is painted
So sober sad, so weary, and so mild,
As if with grief or travail he had fainted,
To me came Tarquin armèd too, beguiled
1545With outward honesty, but yet defiled
With inward vice. As Priam him did cherish,
So did I Tarquin; so my Troy did perish.
“Look, look how list’ning Priam wets his eyes
To see those borrowed tears that Sinon sheeds!
1550Priam, why art thou old and yet not wise?
For every tear he falls, a Trojan bleeds.
His eye drops fire, no water thence proceeds;
Those round clear pearls of his, that move thy pity,
Are balls of quenchless fire to burn thy city.
1555“Such devils steal effects from lightless hell,
For Sinon in his fire doth quake with cold,
And in that cold hot-burning fire doth dwell.
These contraries such unity do hold
Only to flatter fools and make them bold.
1560 So Priam’s trust false Sinon’s tears doth flatter,
That he finds means to burn his Troy with water.”
Here, all enraged, such passion her assails
That patience is quite beaten from her breast.
She tears the senseless Sinon with her nails,
1565Comparing him to that unhappy guest
Whose deed hath made herself herself detest.
At last she smilingly with this gives o’er:
“Fool, fool,” quoth she, “his wounds will not be sore.”
Thus ebbs and flows the current of her sorrow,
1570And time doth weary time with her complaining.
She looks for night, and then she longs for morrow,
And both she thinks too long with her remaining.
Short time seems long in sorrow’s sharp sustaining;
Though woe be heavy, yet it seldom sleeps,
1575 And they that watch see time how slow it creeps;
Which all this time hath overslipped her thought
That she with painted images hath spent,
Being from the feeling of her own grief brought
By deep surmise of others’ detriment,
1580Losing her woes in shows of discontent.
It easeth some, though none it ever cured,
To think their dolor others have endured.
But now the mindful messenger, come back,
Brings home his lord and other company,
1585Who finds his Lucrece clad in mourning black,
And round about her tear-distainèd eye
Blue circles streamed like rainbows in the sky.
These water-galls in her dim element
Foretell new storms to those already spent;
1590Which when her sad-beholding husband saw,
Amazedly in her sad face he stares.
Her eyes, though sod in tears, looked red and raw,
Her lively color killed with deadly cares.
He hath no power to ask her how she fares;
1595 Both stood like old acquaintance in a trance,
Met far from home, wond’ring each other’s chance.
At last he takes her by the bloodless hand
And thus begins: “What uncouth ill event
Hath thee befall’n that thou dost trembling stand?
1600Sweet love, what spite hath thy fair color spent?
Why art thou thus attired in discontent?
Unmask, dear dear, this moody heaviness,
And tell thy grief, that we may give redress.”
Three times with sighs she gives her sorrow fire
1605Ere once she can discharge one word of woe.
At length addressed to answer his desire,
She modestly prepares to let them know
Her honor is ta’en prisoner by the foe,
While Collatine and his consorted lords
1610 With sad attention long to hear her words.
And now this pale swan in her wat’ry nest
Begins the sad dirge of her certain ending:
“Few words,” quoth she, “shall fit the trespass best
Where no excuse can give the fault amending.
1615In me moe woes than words are now depending,
And my laments would be drawn out too long
To tell them all with one poor tirèd tongue.
“Then be this all the task it hath to say:
Dear husband, in the interest of thy bed
1620A stranger came, and on that pillow lay
Where thou wast wont to rest thy weary head;
And what wrong else may be imaginèd
By foul enforcement might be done to me,
From that, alas, thy Lucrece is not free.
1625“For in the dreadful dead of dark midnight,
With shining falchion in my chamber came
A creeping creature with a flaming light
And softly cried, ‘Awake, thou Roman dame,
And entertain my love, else lasting shame
1630 On thee and thine this night I will inflict
If thou my love’s desire do contradict.
“ ‘For some hard-favored groom of thine,’ quoth he,
‘Unless thou yoke thy liking to my will,
I’ll murder straight, and then I’ll slaughter thee
1635And swear I found you where you did fulfill
The loathsome act of lust and so did kill
The lechers in their deed. This act will be
My fame and thy perpetual infamy.’
“With this, I did begin to start and cry;
1640And then against my heart he set his sword,
Swearing, unless I took all patiently,
I should not live to speak another word;
So should my shame still rest upon record,
And never be forgot in mighty Rome
1645 Th’ adulterate death of Lucrece and her groom.
“Mine enemy was strong, my poor self weak,
And far the weaker with so strong a fear.
My bloody judge forbade my tongue to speak;
No rightful plea might plead for justice there.
1650His scarlet lust came evidence to swear
That my poor beauty had purloined his eyes,
And when the judge is robbed, the prisoner dies.
“O, teach me how to make mine own excuse,
Or, at the least, this refuge let me find:
1655Though my gross blood be stained with this abuse,
Immaculate and spotless is my mind;
That was not forced, that never was inclined
To accessory yieldings, but still pure
Doth in her poisoned closet yet endure.”
1660Lo, here the hopeless merchant of this loss,
With head declined and voice dammed up with woe,
With sad set eyes and wreathèd arms across,
From lips new-waxen pale begins to blow
The grief away that stops his answer so.
1665 But, wretched as he is, he strives in vain;
What he breathes out his breath drinks up again.
As through an arch the violent roaring tide
Outruns the eye that doth behold his haste,
Yet in the eddy boundeth in his pride
1670Back to the strait that forced him on so fast—
In rage sent out, recalled in rage, being past—
Even so his sighs, his sorrows, make a saw
To push grief on, and back the same grief draw,
Which speechless woe of his poor she attendeth,
1675And his untimely frenzy thus awaketh:
“Dear lord, thy sorrow to my sorrow lendeth
Another power; no flood by raining slaketh.
My woe too sensible thy passion maketh
More feeling-painful. Let it then suffice
1680 To drown one woe, one pair of weeping eyes.
“And for my sake when I might charm thee so,
For she that was thy Lucrece, now attend me:
Be suddenly revengèd on my foe,
Thine, mine, his own. Suppose thou dost defend me
1685From what is past. The help that thou shalt lend me
Comes all too late, yet let the traitor die,
For sparing justice feeds iniquity.
“But ere I name him, you fair lords,” quoth she,
Speaking to those that came with Collatine,
1690“Shall plight your honorable faiths to me
With swift pursuit to venge this wrong of mine,
For ’tis a meritorious fair design
To chase injustice with revengeful arms.
Knights, by their oaths, should right poor ladies’ harms.”
1695At this request, with noble disposition
Each present lord began to promise aid,
As bound in knighthood to her imposition,
Longing to hear the hateful foe bewrayed.
But she, that yet her sad task hath not said,
1700 The protestation stops: “O, speak,” quoth she,
“How may this forcèd stain be wiped from me?
“What is the quality of my offense,
Being constrained with dreadful circumstance?
May my pure mind with the foul act dispense,
1705My low-declinèd honor to advance?
May any terms acquit me from this chance?
The poisoned fountain clears itself again,
And why not I from this compellèd stain?”
With this they all at once began to say
1710Her body’s stain her mind untainted clears,
While with a joyless smile she turns away
The face, that map which deep impression bears
Of hard misfortune, carved in it with tears.
“No, no,” quoth she, “no dame hereafter living
1715 By my excuse shall claim excuse’s giving.”
Here with a sigh, as if her heart would break,
She throws forth Tarquin’s name: “He, he,” she says,
But more than “he” her poor tongue could not speak,
Till after many accents and delays,
1720Untimely breathings, sick and short assays,
She utters this: “He, he, fair lords, ’tis he
That guides this hand to give this wound to me.”
Even here she sheathèd in her harmless breast
A harmful knife, that thence her soul unsheathed.
1725That blow did bail it from the deep unrest
Of that polluted prison where it breathed.
Her contrite sighs unto the clouds bequeathed
Her wingèd sprite, and through her wounds doth fly
Life’s lasting date from canceled destiny.
1730Stone-still, astonished with this deadly deed,
Stood Collatine and all his lordly crew,
Till Lucrece’ father, that beholds her bleed,
Himself on her self-slaughtered body threw,
And from the purple fountain Brutus drew
1735 The murd’rous knife, and, as it left the place,
Her blood, in poor revenge, held it in chase;
And, bubbling from her breast, it doth divide
In two slow rivers, that the crimson blood
Circles her body in on every side,
1740Who, like a late-sacked island, vastly stood
Bare and unpeopled in this fearful flood.
Some of her blood still pure and red remained,
And some looked black, and that false Tarquin stained.
About the mourning and congealèd face
1745Of that black blood a wat’ry rigol goes,
Which seems to weep upon the tainted place;
And ever since, as pitying Lucrece’ woes,
Corrupted blood some watery token shows,
And blood untainted still doth red abide,
1750 Blushing at that which is so putrefied.
“Daughter, dear daughter,” old Lucretius cries,
“That life was mine which thou hast here deprived.
If in the child the father’s image lies,
Where shall I live now Lucrece is unlived?
1755Thou wast not to this end from me derived.
If children predecease progenitors,
We are their offspring, and they none of ours.
“Poor broken glass, I often did behold
In thy sweet semblance my old age new born,
1760But now that fair fresh mirror dim and old
Shows me a bare-boned death by time outworn.
O, from thy cheeks my image thou hast torn,
And shivered all the beauty of my glass,
That I no more can see what once I was!
1765“O Time, cease thou thy course and last no longer
If they surcease to be that should survive!
Shall rotten Death make conquest of the stronger
And leave the falt’ring feeble souls alive?
The old bees die, the young possess their hive.
1770 Then, live, sweet Lucrece, live again and see
Thy father die, and not thy father thee.”
By this starts Collatine as from a dream
And bids Lucretius give his sorrow place,
And then in key-cold Lucrece’ bleeding stream
1775He falls and bathes the pale fear in his face,
And counterfeits to die with her a space,
Till manly shame bids him possess his breath
And live to be revengèd on her death.
The deep vexation of his inward soul
1780Hath served a dumb arrest upon his tongue,
Who, mad that sorrow should his use control
Or keep him from heart-easing words so long,
Begins to talk, but through his lips do throng
Weak words, so thick come in his poor heart’s aid
1785 That no man could distinguish what he said.
Yet sometimes “Tarquin” was pronouncèd plain,
But through his teeth, as if the name he tore.
This windy tempest, till it blow up rain,
Held back his sorrow’s tide, to make it more.
1790At last it rains, and busy winds give o’er.
Then son and father weep with equal strife
Who should weep most, for daughter or for wife.
The one doth call her his, the other his,
Yet neither may possess the claim they lay.
1795The father says, “She’s mine.” “O, mine she is,”
Replies her husband. “Do not take away
My sorrow’s interest. Let no mourner say
He weeps for her, for she was only mine
And only must be wailed by Collatine.”
1800“O,” quoth Lucretius, “I did give that life
Which she too early and too late hath spilled.”
“Woe, woe,” quoth Collatine, “she was my wife.
I owed her, and ’tis mine that she hath killed.”
“My daughter” and “my wife” with clamors filled
1805 The dispersed air, who, holding Lucrece’ life,
Answered their cries, “my daughter” and “my wife.”
Brutus, who plucked the knife from Lucrece’ side,
Seeing such emulation in their woe,
Began to clothe his wit in state and pride,
1810Burying in Lucrece’ wound his folly’s show.
He with the Romans was esteemèd so
As silly jeering idiots are with kings,
For sportive words and utt’ring foolish things.
But now he throws that shallow habit by
1815Wherein deep policy did him disguise,
And armed his long-hid wits advisedly
To check the tears in Collatinus’ eyes:
“Thou wrongèd lord of Rome,” quoth he, “arise!
Let my unsounded self, supposed a fool,
1820 Now set thy long-experienced wit to school.
“Why, Collatine, is woe the cure for woe?
Do wounds help wounds, or grief help grievous deeds?
Is it revenge to give thyself a blow
For his foul act by whom thy fair wife bleeds?
1825Such childish humor from weak minds proceeds.
Thy wretchèd wife mistook the matter so
To slay herself, that should have slain her foe.
“Courageous Roman, do not steep thy heart
In such relenting dew of lamentations,
1830But kneel with me and help to bear thy part
To rouse our Roman gods with invocations,
That they will suffer these abominations—
Since Rome herself in them doth stand disgraced—
By our strong arms from forth her fair streets chased.
1835“Now, by the Capitol, that we adore,
And by this chaste blood so unjustly stained,
By heaven’s fair sun that breeds the fat earth’s store,
By all our country rights in Rome maintained,
And by chaste Lucrece’ soul that late complained
1840 Her wrongs to us, and by this bloody knife,
We will revenge the death of this true wife.”
This said, he struck his hand upon his breast,
And kissed the fatal knife to end his vow,
And to his protestation urged the rest,
1845Who, wond’ring at him, did his words allow.
Then jointly to the ground their knees they bow,
And that deep vow which Brutus made before
He doth again repeat, and that they swore.
When they had sworn to this advisèd doom,
1850They did conclude to bear dead Lucrece thence
To show her bleeding body thorough Rome,
And so to publish Tarquin’s foul offense;
Which being done with speedy diligence,
The Romans plausibly did give consent
1855 To Tarquin’s everlasting banishment.